2021
Hansen, Ejvind
The Freedom to Remain Silent. The Right to make Qualified Contributions to the Public Sphere Unpublished
2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, aporias, critique, discourse analysis, freedom of expression, journalism, publicsphere, silence
@unpublished{Hansen2021c,
title = {The Freedom to Remain Silent. The Right to make Qualified Contributions to the Public Sphere},
author = {Ejvind Hansen},
url = {https://offentligheder.dk/forsvar-doktorafhandling-om-tavshedens-produktive-rolle-i-offentligheden/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-12},
urldate = {2021-10-12},
abstract = {Manuscript handed in with the view to obtain the higher doctoral degree in philosophy (dr. phil -- comparable to the German "Habilitation"). Defended at Aarhus University on December 2023.
This book sets out to turn a centuries-old discussion about a particular aspect of democracy on its head. It has been commonplace since the Enlightenment and the emergence of rationalism to believe that some form of freedom of expression is the path to an enlightened public sphere. While accepting that this is the case, I wish to supplement this line of thought by adding its opposite into the mix. Just as dialogue and information are indispensable ingredients in a functioning democracy, I want to show that silence is also a fundamental prerequisite. With this in mind, I suggest that we supplement thinking about freedom of expression with similar deliberations about freedom of silence. In order to prepare the ground for this, the book sets out to bring forth the significance and importance of silence in the generation of communicative significance. This is done in a reading of Habermas, Heidegger, Derrida, Deleuze, Kierkegaard, (a.o.). In the second half of the book I show how silence can be used critically to create space for thoughtfulness in the democratic spheres that tend to be crowded with an overwhelming amount of discussion.},
keywords = {academic, aporias, critique, discourse analysis, freedom of expression, journalism, publicsphere, silence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {unpublished}
}
Manuscript handed in with the view to obtain the higher doctoral degree in philosophy (dr. phil -- comparable to the German "Habilitation"). Defended at Aarhus University on December 2023.
This book sets out to turn a centuries-old discussion about a particular aspect of democracy on its head. It has been commonplace since the Enlightenment and the emergence of rationalism to believe that some form of freedom of expression is the path to an enlightened public sphere. While accepting that this is the case, I wish to supplement this line of thought by adding its opposite into the mix. Just as dialogue and information are indispensable ingredients in a functioning democracy, I want to show that silence is also a fundamental prerequisite. With this in mind, I suggest that we supplement thinking about freedom of expression with similar deliberations about freedom of silence. In order to prepare the ground for this, the book sets out to bring forth the significance and importance of silence in the generation of communicative significance. This is done in a reading of Habermas, Heidegger, Derrida, Deleuze, Kierkegaard, (a.o.). In the second half of the book I show how silence can be used critically to create space for thoughtfulness in the democratic spheres that tend to be crowded with an overwhelming amount of discussion.
This book sets out to turn a centuries-old discussion about a particular aspect of democracy on its head. It has been commonplace since the Enlightenment and the emergence of rationalism to believe that some form of freedom of expression is the path to an enlightened public sphere. While accepting that this is the case, I wish to supplement this line of thought by adding its opposite into the mix. Just as dialogue and information are indispensable ingredients in a functioning democracy, I want to show that silence is also a fundamental prerequisite. With this in mind, I suggest that we supplement thinking about freedom of expression with similar deliberations about freedom of silence. In order to prepare the ground for this, the book sets out to bring forth the significance and importance of silence in the generation of communicative significance. This is done in a reading of Habermas, Heidegger, Derrida, Deleuze, Kierkegaard, (a.o.). In the second half of the book I show how silence can be used critically to create space for thoughtfulness in the democratic spheres that tend to be crowded with an overwhelming amount of discussion.
2018
Hansen, Ejvind
Aporias of courage and the freedom of expression Journal Article
In: Philosophy & Social Criticism, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 100-117, 2018, ISSN: 0191-4537.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, aporias, courage, freedom of expression, publicsphere
@article{Hansen2018a,
title = {Aporias of courage and the freedom of expression},
author = {Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0191453717723193
http://uploads.ejvindh.net/Philosophy/Preprint_AporiasOfCourage.pdf
http://offentligheder.dk/modige-ytringer-i-offentligheden/},
doi = {10.1177/0191453717723193},
issn = {0191-4537},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-02},
urldate = {2018-01-02},
journal = {Philosophy & Social Criticism},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {100-117},
abstract = {In this article we will suggest that the traditional account of the freedom of expression needs revision. The emergence of Internet media has shown that the traditional ideal of a plurality of voices does not in itself lead to fruitful public spheres. Inspired by Foucault’s interpretation of the Greek concept parrhesia we suggest that the plurality of voices should be supplemented with an ideal of courageous truth-telling. We will furthermore argue that the notion of courage has two dimensions that should be taken into account. On the one hand a Derridean reading of courage brings out a disruptive and aporetic feature of courage. On the other hand, courage also needs to be articulated through some kind of goal, which in a public setting calls for a deliberative dimension. We conclude by suggesting that public spheres with courageous truth-telling will facilitate societies in which strong voices and opinions are continuously challenged by less strong voices.},
keywords = {academic, aporias, courage, freedom of expression, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this article we will suggest that the traditional account of the freedom of expression needs revision. The emergence of Internet media has shown that the traditional ideal of a plurality of voices does not in itself lead to fruitful public spheres. Inspired by Foucault’s interpretation of the Greek concept parrhesia we suggest that the plurality of voices should be supplemented with an ideal of courageous truth-telling. We will furthermore argue that the notion of courage has two dimensions that should be taken into account. On the one hand a Derridean reading of courage brings out a disruptive and aporetic feature of courage. On the other hand, courage also needs to be articulated through some kind of goal, which in a public setting calls for a deliberative dimension. We conclude by suggesting that public spheres with courageous truth-telling will facilitate societies in which strong voices and opinions are continuously challenged by less strong voices.
2017
Hansen, Ejvind
Tal! – sammen Book
Forlaget Mindspace, 2017, ISBN: 978-87-93535-16-9.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, aporias, courage, critique, dissemination, forgiving, freedom of expression, publicsphere, silence
@book{Hansen2017b,
title = {Tal! – sammen},
author = {Ejvind Hansen
},
url = {http://www.forlagetmindspace.dk/udgivelser/skolen-for-livet/tal-sammen
http://offentligheder.dk/tal-sammen/
},
isbn = {978-87-93535-16-9},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-08},
publisher = {Forlaget Mindspace},
abstract = {Samtaler skaber og ødelægger liv. Samtaler åbner for verden ved at lukke for den. For at kunne samtale er vi nødt til dyrke tavsheden. Vi kan kun sikre ytringsfriheden ved at begrænse den.
Tal! - sammen handler om sådanne paradokser i samtaler, som vi ikke kan løse, men som vi alligevel må forsøge at løsne op for. Ved at forstå hvordan vi kan begrunde vores talehandlinger og talefrihed, kan vi se, hvilken magt talen har og hvordan vi kan blive bedre til at tale på en måde, der åbner for rummelige fællesskaber, hvor flest muligt har indflydelse, og hvor vi gennem vores forskellighed udfordrer hinanden til en bred, nysgerrig og nuanceret forståelse af forhold i verden.
Den gode samtale forudsætter, at vi lærer at reflektere over samtalens grænser og indimellem at holde mund.
Bogen er en let tilgængelig introduktion til samtalens betingelser og henvender sig til studerende og professionelle, der arbejder med kommunikation.},
keywords = {academic, aporias, courage, critique, dissemination, forgiving, freedom of expression, publicsphere, silence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Samtaler skaber og ødelægger liv. Samtaler åbner for verden ved at lukke for den. For at kunne samtale er vi nødt til dyrke tavsheden. Vi kan kun sikre ytringsfriheden ved at begrænse den.
Tal! - sammen handler om sådanne paradokser i samtaler, som vi ikke kan løse, men som vi alligevel må forsøge at løsne op for. Ved at forstå hvordan vi kan begrunde vores talehandlinger og talefrihed, kan vi se, hvilken magt talen har og hvordan vi kan blive bedre til at tale på en måde, der åbner for rummelige fællesskaber, hvor flest muligt har indflydelse, og hvor vi gennem vores forskellighed udfordrer hinanden til en bred, nysgerrig og nuanceret forståelse af forhold i verden.
Den gode samtale forudsætter, at vi lærer at reflektere over samtalens grænser og indimellem at holde mund.
Bogen er en let tilgængelig introduktion til samtalens betingelser og henvender sig til studerende og professionelle, der arbejder med kommunikation.
Tal! - sammen handler om sådanne paradokser i samtaler, som vi ikke kan løse, men som vi alligevel må forsøge at løsne op for. Ved at forstå hvordan vi kan begrunde vores talehandlinger og talefrihed, kan vi se, hvilken magt talen har og hvordan vi kan blive bedre til at tale på en måde, der åbner for rummelige fællesskaber, hvor flest muligt har indflydelse, og hvor vi gennem vores forskellighed udfordrer hinanden til en bred, nysgerrig og nuanceret forståelse af forhold i verden.
Den gode samtale forudsætter, at vi lærer at reflektere over samtalens grænser og indimellem at holde mund.
Bogen er en let tilgængelig introduktion til samtalens betingelser og henvender sig til studerende og professionelle, der arbejder med kommunikation.
2016
Hansen, Ejvind
Media Freedom as a Fundamental Right, Jan Oster (2015) Journal Article
In: Empedocles: European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 99-102, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, freedom of expression, publicsphere
@article{Hansen2016c,
title = {Media Freedom as a Fundamental Right, Jan Oster (2015)},
author = {Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ejpc.7.1.99_5},
doi = {10.1386/ejpc.7.1.99_5},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-05-01},
urldate = {2016-05-01},
journal = {Empedocles: European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {99-102},
abstract = {Book review of Jan Osters book: Media Freedom as a Fundamental Right. Jan Oster (2015), Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press, 338 pp.,
ISBN: 9781107098954, h/bk, £79.99.},
keywords = {academic, freedom of expression, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Book review of Jan Osters book: Media Freedom as a Fundamental Right. Jan Oster (2015), Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press, 338 pp.,
ISBN: 9781107098954, h/bk, £79.99.
ISBN: 9781107098954, h/bk, £79.99.
Hansen, Ejvind
Forlaget Philosophia, Aarhus, 2016, ISBN: 978-87-93041-31-8.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, dissemination, forgiving, freedom of expression, journalism, publicsphere
@book{Hansen2016a,
title = {Kugleregn møder kuglepen},
author = {Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://offentligheder.dk/kugleregn-moeder-kuglepen/},
isbn = {978-87-93041-31-8},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-14},
urldate = {2016-01-14},
publisher = {Forlaget Philosophia},
address = {Aarhus},
abstract = {Ytringsfriheden handler bl.a. om at kunne gøre grin med magthaverne. Ytringsfriheden handler også om at bygge bro mellem medborgere. Det kan vi gøre, når vi griner sammen, i stedet for at grine af hinanden.
Den første forside på satiremagasinet Charlie Hebdo efter terroranslaget mod bladets medarbejdere kan lære os dette. På forsiden græder Muhammed og tilgiver terroristerne, men vil hellere grine med dem, som de var, da de var børn, der selv kunne lave sjove tegninger.
Kan vi, og skal vi, lære at grine med terroristernes familie, venner og trosfæller? Det argumenterer Ejvind Hansen, Forskningsleder i Journalistisk filosofi, for i denne bog!},
keywords = {academic, dissemination, forgiving, freedom of expression, journalism, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Ytringsfriheden handler bl.a. om at kunne gøre grin med magthaverne. Ytringsfriheden handler også om at bygge bro mellem medborgere. Det kan vi gøre, når vi griner sammen, i stedet for at grine af hinanden.
Den første forside på satiremagasinet Charlie Hebdo efter terroranslaget mod bladets medarbejdere kan lære os dette. På forsiden græder Muhammed og tilgiver terroristerne, men vil hellere grine med dem, som de var, da de var børn, der selv kunne lave sjove tegninger.
Kan vi, og skal vi, lære at grine med terroristernes familie, venner og trosfæller? Det argumenterer Ejvind Hansen, Forskningsleder i Journalistisk filosofi, for i denne bog!
Den første forside på satiremagasinet Charlie Hebdo efter terroranslaget mod bladets medarbejdere kan lære os dette. På forsiden græder Muhammed og tilgiver terroristerne, men vil hellere grine med dem, som de var, da de var børn, der selv kunne lave sjove tegninger.
Kan vi, og skal vi, lære at grine med terroristernes familie, venner og trosfæller? Det argumenterer Ejvind Hansen, Forskningsleder i Journalistisk filosofi, for i denne bog!
2015
Hansen, Ejvind
The Positive Freedom of the Public Sphere.: The need for courageous truth-tellers Journal Article
In: Journalism Studies, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 767–781, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, courage, freedom of expression, internet, publicsphere
@article{Hansen2015a,
title = {The Positive Freedom of the Public Sphere.: The need for courageous truth-tellers},
author = { Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1461670X.2014.943937
http://uploads.ejvindh.net/Philosophy/Preprint_PositiveFreedomAndCourage.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/1461670X.2014.943937},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journalism Studies},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {767--781},
abstract = {The relationship between democracy and the media since the appearance of Habermas' major texts in the 1960s has been articulated through theories of the public sphere. The structure of the public sphere is significantly influenced by the communicative media, and the emergence of the internet thus calls for new reflections on the possible relationship between media, public sphere and democracy. This paper argues that we should change the questions that are raised when we try to assess the public sphere. It is argued that the traditional (Enlightenment) focus upon negative liberties and the truth-value of utterances is not adequate. Negative freedom and truth are certainly important in the public sphere, because they are necessary conditions for taking a qualified stance towards the challenges that we face. It is, however, important also to reflect on what negative liberties are used for—which kinds of truths are articulated in public discussions. To answer this question it is argued that it is important to distinguish between affirmative truths and liberating truths (based on courage), the latter being what is required in democratic dialogues.},
keywords = {academic, courage, freedom of expression, internet, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The relationship between democracy and the media since the appearance of Habermas' major texts in the 1960s has been articulated through theories of the public sphere. The structure of the public sphere is significantly influenced by the communicative media, and the emergence of the internet thus calls for new reflections on the possible relationship between media, public sphere and democracy. This paper argues that we should change the questions that are raised when we try to assess the public sphere. It is argued that the traditional (Enlightenment) focus upon negative liberties and the truth-value of utterances is not adequate. Negative freedom and truth are certainly important in the public sphere, because they are necessary conditions for taking a qualified stance towards the challenges that we face. It is, however, important also to reflect on what negative liberties are used for—which kinds of truths are articulated in public discussions. To answer this question it is argued that it is important to distinguish between affirmative truths and liberating truths (based on courage), the latter being what is required in democratic dialogues.
2013
Hansen, Ejvind
Den uregerlige ytringsfrihed: Et bud på, hvordan vi bedst begrænser ytringsfriheden i dag Book Section
In: Hansen, Ejvind (Ed.): Ytringsfriheden til forhandling - ytringsfrihedens betingelser og udfordringer i det 21. århundrede, pp. 201–222, Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, dissemination, freedom of expression, publicsphere
@incollection{Hansen2013b,
title = {Den uregerlige ytringsfrihed: Et bud på, hvordan vi bedst begrænser ytringsfriheden i dag},
author = { Ejvind Hansen},
editor = {Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://hans.gyldendal-uddannelse.dk/Books/Kommunikation/9788741258119},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Ytringsfriheden til forhandling - ytringsfrihedens betingelser og udfordringer i det 21. århundrede},
pages = {201--222},
publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag},
address = {København},
abstract = {En refleksion over hvordan ytringsfriheden altid må være indlejret i et spændingsfelt mellem gældende systemer og forsøg på at teste disse systemers gyldighed. Hvordan stiller ytringsfrihedens uregerlighed sig i dag, givet at ytringer rejser på tværs af landegrænser. Er det muligt at opretholde et lovgivningsapparat til at regulere ytringerne, eller kunne man evt. indføre en mere adfærdsregulerende teknologi? Konklusionen må være, at lovgivning er bedre, fordi reglerne herved får en klar afsender og ansvarshavende, som man kan diskutere op imod.},
keywords = {academic, dissemination, freedom of expression, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
En refleksion over hvordan ytringsfriheden altid må være indlejret i et spændingsfelt mellem gældende systemer og forsøg på at teste disse systemers gyldighed. Hvordan stiller ytringsfrihedens uregerlighed sig i dag, givet at ytringer rejser på tværs af landegrænser. Er det muligt at opretholde et lovgivningsapparat til at regulere ytringerne, eller kunne man evt. indføre en mere adfærdsregulerende teknologi? Konklusionen må være, at lovgivning er bedre, fordi reglerne herved får en klar afsender og ansvarshavende, som man kan diskutere op imod.
Hansen, Ejvind
Indledning Book Section
In: Hansen, Ejvind (Ed.): Ytringsfriheden til forhandling - ytringsfrihedens betingelser og udfordringer i det 21. århundrede, pp. 17–25, Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, 2013.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, dissemination, freedom of expression, publicsphere
@incollection{Hansen2013a,
title = {Indledning},
author = { Ejvind Hansen},
editor = {Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://hans.gyldendal-uddannelse.dk/Books/Kommunikation/9788741258119},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Ytringsfriheden til forhandling - ytringsfrihedens betingelser og udfordringer i det 21. århundrede},
pages = {17--25},
publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag},
address = {København},
keywords = {academic, dissemination, freedom of expression, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Hansen, Ejvind
Ytringsfriheden til forhandling. Ytringsfrihedens betingelser og udfordringer i det 21. århundrede Book
Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, dissemination, freedom of expression, publicsphere
@book{Hansen2013c,
title = {Ytringsfriheden til forhandling. Ytringsfrihedens betingelser og udfordringer i det 21. århundrede},
author = { Ejvind Hansen},
editor = {Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://hans.gyldendal-uddannelse.dk/Books/Kommunikation/9788741258119},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag},
address = {København},
abstract = {Hvilken rolle spiller ytringsfriheden i dag, og hvilke grænser findes der for ytringsfriheden? Både formelle og uformelle? Bogens målsætning er at nytænke ytringsfrihedens problemstillinger og få rusket op i en faglig diskussion af ytringsfriheden. En diskussion af ytringsfriheden kan aldrig stoppe ved blot at konstatere, at ytringsfriheden er hellig og dermed skal være ubegrænset, for der findes altid grænser for ytringsfriheden. Ytringsfriheden til forhandling behandler ytringsfriheden gennem otte kapitler og demonstrerer, hvordan ytringsfriheden er begrænset i forskellige kontekster såvel offentlige som private. Med bidrag af Ejvind Hansen, Lars Bjerg, Peter Bro, Michael Ejstrup, Oluf Jørgensen, Henrik Reintoft Christensen, Roger Buch, Flemming Svith og Lisa S. Villadsen. Forord ved Per Stig Møller.},
keywords = {academic, dissemination, freedom of expression, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Hvilken rolle spiller ytringsfriheden i dag, og hvilke grænser findes der for ytringsfriheden? Både formelle og uformelle? Bogens målsætning er at nytænke ytringsfrihedens problemstillinger og få rusket op i en faglig diskussion af ytringsfriheden. En diskussion af ytringsfriheden kan aldrig stoppe ved blot at konstatere, at ytringsfriheden er hellig og dermed skal være ubegrænset, for der findes altid grænser for ytringsfriheden. Ytringsfriheden til forhandling behandler ytringsfriheden gennem otte kapitler og demonstrerer, hvordan ytringsfriheden er begrænset i forskellige kontekster såvel offentlige som private. Med bidrag af Ejvind Hansen, Lars Bjerg, Peter Bro, Michael Ejstrup, Oluf Jørgensen, Henrik Reintoft Christensen, Roger Buch, Flemming Svith og Lisa S. Villadsen. Forord ved Per Stig Møller.
2012
Hansen, Ejvind
Freedom of Expression in Distributed Networks Journal Article
In: tripleC - Cognition, Communication, Co-operation, no. 10.2, pp. 741–751, 2012.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, freedom of expression, internet, publicsphere
@article{Hansen2012d,
title = {Freedom of Expression in Distributed Networks},
author = { Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/450},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {tripleC - Cognition, Communication, Co-operation},
number = {10.2},
pages = {741--751},
abstract = {This paper proposes the following question: Is it possible to transfer human rights like the freedom of expression – or at least to preserve the formal protections guarding speech acts from arbitrary suppression – in a post-national setting? The question arises as an urgent matter in the context of our global system of connected markets and distributed telecommunications networks – the Internet – since, as many academics and policy makers have noted, the two tend to undermine nationals boundaries, putting into question the power of individual states to continue function as the traditional legal and identity-generating entities of last resort. If this analysis is reliable the dialectical union between the autonomous individual citizen and the legally regulated nation state is broken. In this paper I will draw the consequences of that supposed break, exploring the question of the extent to which it makes sense to accord “rights” – freedom of expression – to entities that are not classical autonomous humans, and to confer them by entities that no longer bear the marks of nation-state sovereignty. The question thus is: Is it possible to transfer the normative approach of the classic liberal nation states into a global system? The paper explores this question through an elaboration of problems for the preservation of the human right to freedom of expression: On the one hand communication on the Internet is regulated by an immense legal body, but on the other hand, the machinery for enforcement controlled by this legal body is dependent on various agencies that don’t necessarily recognize its legitimacy. I will then explore whether a more technologically oriented approach could be a more fruitful approach in defining the actual limitations to freedom of expression in the new global system. My answer is that ultimately the control paradigm fails, because it is too clumsy at incorporating self-correcting measures. Thirdly, I suggest that the best solution to the challenges to freedom of expression in the global system must be a Global Government of the Internet, a government that is defined by (i) democratic elections, (ii) a constitutional body, and (iii) deliberative institutions.},
keywords = {academic, freedom of expression, internet, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper proposes the following question: Is it possible to transfer human rights like the freedom of expression – or at least to preserve the formal protections guarding speech acts from arbitrary suppression – in a post-national setting? The question arises as an urgent matter in the context of our global system of connected markets and distributed telecommunications networks – the Internet – since, as many academics and policy makers have noted, the two tend to undermine nationals boundaries, putting into question the power of individual states to continue function as the traditional legal and identity-generating entities of last resort. If this analysis is reliable the dialectical union between the autonomous individual citizen and the legally regulated nation state is broken. In this paper I will draw the consequences of that supposed break, exploring the question of the extent to which it makes sense to accord “rights” – freedom of expression – to entities that are not classical autonomous humans, and to confer them by entities that no longer bear the marks of nation-state sovereignty. The question thus is: Is it possible to transfer the normative approach of the classic liberal nation states into a global system? The paper explores this question through an elaboration of problems for the preservation of the human right to freedom of expression: On the one hand communication on the Internet is regulated by an immense legal body, but on the other hand, the machinery for enforcement controlled by this legal body is dependent on various agencies that don’t necessarily recognize its legitimacy. I will then explore whether a more technologically oriented approach could be a more fruitful approach in defining the actual limitations to freedom of expression in the new global system. My answer is that ultimately the control paradigm fails, because it is too clumsy at incorporating self-correcting measures. Thirdly, I suggest that the best solution to the challenges to freedom of expression in the global system must be a Global Government of the Internet, a government that is defined by (i) democratic elections, (ii) a constitutional body, and (iii) deliberative institutions.
2011
Hansen, Ejvind
Grænser for ytringsfrihed Journal Article
In: Journalistica - Tidsskrift for forskning i journalistik, no. 1, pp. 92–111, 2011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic, freedom of expression, publicsphere
@article{Hansen2011b,
title = {Grænser for ytringsfrihed},
author = { Ejvind Hansen},
url = {http://tidsskrift.dk/index.php/journalistica/article/view/5228/5098},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
urldate = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Journalistica - Tidsskrift for forskning i journalistik},
number = {1},
pages = {92--111},
abstract = {Denne artikel sætter spørgsmålstegn ved ytringsfriheden. Grundlæggende argumenteres der for, at ytringsfriheden kun har en eksistensberettigelse, hvis vi kan diskutere den uden at skulle være bange for at miste den. Det vises, at ytringsfriheden grundlæggende set må være begrænset, og derfor er det altid påtrængende, at diskutere om de konkrete grænser er de mest oplagte i enhver given samfundsmæssig situation.Artiklen viser hvorledes ytringsfriheden er et barn af ytringsfriheden, hvor demokratisk politik tænkes som en fortløbende rationel legitimeringsproces. Denne forståelse af politikken fungerede fint i en samfundsformation, der klart adskiller det politiske fra det økonomiske. Med fremvæksten af globalt orienterede kommunikative medier, er det imidlertid spørgsmålet om denne adskillelse kan opretholdes. Derfor er det påtrængende at få nyartikuleret grundlaget og formen på den gældende ytringsfrihed.},
keywords = {academic, freedom of expression, publicsphere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Denne artikel sætter spørgsmålstegn ved ytringsfriheden. Grundlæggende argumenteres der for, at ytringsfriheden kun har en eksistensberettigelse, hvis vi kan diskutere den uden at skulle være bange for at miste den. Det vises, at ytringsfriheden grundlæggende set må være begrænset, og derfor er det altid påtrængende, at diskutere om de konkrete grænser er de mest oplagte i enhver given samfundsmæssig situation.Artiklen viser hvorledes ytringsfriheden er et barn af ytringsfriheden, hvor demokratisk politik tænkes som en fortløbende rationel legitimeringsproces. Denne forståelse af politikken fungerede fint i en samfundsformation, der klart adskiller det politiske fra det økonomiske. Med fremvæksten af globalt orienterede kommunikative medier, er det imidlertid spørgsmålet om denne adskillelse kan opretholdes. Derfor er det påtrængende at få nyartikuleret grundlaget og formen på den gældende ytringsfrihed.